Internet Governance

Internet Governance involves the development and application of shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures, and programs that shape the evolution and use of the Internet. It includes the roles of governments, the private sector, and civil society.

Evolution of Internet Governance

• Early Days (1960 – 1994):

  • DARPA net initiated in the late 1960s.
  • TCP/IP invented in the mid-1970s.
  • IETF established in 1986.

• DNS War (1994 – 1998):

  • In 1994, DNS was subcontracted to Network Solutions by NSF.
  • ICANN was established in 1998 to oversee domain name allocation and management.

• World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) (2003-2005):

  • WSIS 2003 failed to resolve Internet governance issues; the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG) was formed.
  • In 2005, WSIS adopted the WGIG report and established the Internet Governance Forum (IGF).

Infrastructure and Standardizations

• IP Address Distribution Mechanism:
  • ICANN (U.S. Non-Profit Organization) assigns IP addresses through IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) under IAB (Internet Architecture Board).

IP Address Administrators in Indonesia

• APJII (IDNIC, 1997) & id-TLD: Early administrators of IP addresses.
• 2005: IPTEKNET established.
• 2006: PANDI introduced several domain types including:
  • co.id, or.id, web.id, ac.id, sch.id, biz.id, my.id
• Directorate of E-Government: Manages .go.id and .mil.id domains.