Connection-Oriented vs. Connectionless Applications

• Network Structure refers to the physical components of a network.
• Applications that use the network can be either connection-oriented or connectionless.

Connection-Oriented Application

• Requires both sender and receiver to establish a connection before data transfer.
• Used in applications such as large file transfers and sensitive transactions (e.g., banking and business).

Connectionless Application

• No prior connection is required; data is simply sent.
• Example: Electronic mail (email).

Application Over Networks

• A connection-oriented application can operate over both circuit-switched or packet-switched networks.
• A connectionless application can also work on both network types but may be more efficient on a packet-switched network.